Bleaching is a chemical process that allows the extraction or elimination of hair pigmentation, whether natural or artificial.
This process is done using a bleaching powder or paste that is mixed with peroxide or another activator, which opens the outer layer of the hair fiber or cuticle, allowing it to penetrate to eliminate melanin.
Hair color is generically identified by numbers, with black being number 1 and extra light blonde being number 10. These numbers include dark brown, light brown, dark blonde, medium blonde, etc.
There are several stages of hair bleaching, ranging from medium brown to lightest blonde. The darker the base hair and the lighter the desired shade, the more potent the bleaching must be, which means leaving the bleaching agent on for longer. It is preferable to perform a second or even third bleaching, as the first 10 to 15 minutes of the bleach are the most active; after 50 minutes, its effect is completely lost.
Obviously, the more intense the hair bleaching, the greater the risk. It is an aggressive procedure that alters the structure of the cuticle, weakening it and even damaging it irreparably, especially if this process is not carried out by professionals or if low-quality materials are used. This reduces the effectiveness of the hair's protective layer and causes it to lose some of its moisture.
In the case of more aggressive bleaching, which is repeated or involves a greater use of chemical products, the hair can become excessively dry. If the products are left on for longer than necessary, there is even a risk of burning the hair and suffering significant damage.
Some people may notice that their hair is much weaker and brittle after bleaching. There is also a risk of allergic reactions to some of the products used or irritation due to contact of these aggressive products with the scalp. It is advisable to perform a test on the skin and on a lock of hair before proceeding with the treatment.
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